Anatomy and Physiology Assignments

"The task is not so much to see what no one else as yet has seen, but to think what nobody yet has thought about that which everybody sees."

-Arthur Schopenhauer

 

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INDEX

Introduction to A & P

Body Geography and Infrastructure

Objectives

 

Frog and Rat Dissections

Objectives

 Biochemistry and The Cell

Chem-Cell Review Homework

Objectives

 The Heart

Structure and Function

Homework/Lab

Objectives

Histology

Histology Homework

Histology Lab

Objectives

 The Kidney

Structure and Function

Homework/Lab

The Skeleton and Bone Development

Homework/Lab

Objectives

Final Exam Objectives
The Neuromuscular Junction

Contraction

Homework

Objectives

Kimball's Pages - Course Objectives - AP Resources

Dictionaries and other References-The Harvey Project

QuickReference

The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education

Virtual Text (Ergito)

SCIRUS Scientific Search Engine - Computers and the Internet - Third International Math and Science Study (TIMSS) - The Washington Post Education Section - The Big Picture Book of Viruses - Virtual Hospital - New York Times Science Index - EurekAlert - College Prep Quiz - Howard Hughes Medical Institute - Bio Interactive - MIT Online Textbook - The Scientist - Kimball's Pages - MCAT Online - Anatomy Glossary - MedBioWorld - Web Anatomy Interactive Biochemistry - How Drugs Work Neurologically - Medical Humanities

McGraw-Hill Anatomy and Physiology Texts

Disease Database  - Science Net Links

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links  

Introduction to A & P

Body Geography and Infrastructure

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Introduction and Grading in

A & P-Power Point Presentation

2. Body Geography and Infrastructure Notes

3. Test Objectives and Term List for Body Geography and Infrastructure

4. Computers in Education

SQ4R Study Method

Learning How to Learn

5. Body Works-CD

6. Models and Dissections

7. University of Indiana A & P site

8. Web Anatomy

9. Medicine Through Time

10. Gross Anatomy Site

11. Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology Site-Mader

12. Human Physiology-Vander

13. Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Anatomy Glossary

2. Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology Site-Mader

3. Human Physiology-Vander

4. Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology

5. Human Anatomy and Physiology Weblinks

6. General Biology Weblinks

7. The Biology Place-Human Anatomy and Physiology

8. The Johns-Hopkins Autopsy Resource

9. Virtual Autopsy 2

10. University of Dundee Forensic Medicine Course

11. Gray's Anatomy

12. Yahoo's Anatomy Links

13. Atlas Plus

14. Medicine Through Time

15. MCAT Biology

16. AMA Anatomy Graphics

Homework

Objectives

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Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. COPY and PASTE the Objectives for Examination #1 onto a page in your word processing program. With the information from classroom lectures and the links to the internet, fill in the objective sheet. The Objective sheet will be your study guide for the first exam.

2. Use Anatomy and Physiology Tutorials to learn the structure and function of the human body. Find the antomical structures and their functions that are listed in your objectives and notes.

3. Label the Anatomical Graphics provided in the in-class Power Point package to use as a study aid. These same graphics will be used as part of the examination during testing.

4. Use The Virtual Autopsy to learn the structure and function of the human body.

5. Post Mortem Changes and the Time of Death

6. Gray's Anatomy

7. Planes of Reference

8. Scientific Method

9. Scientific Papers

Biochemistry and The Cell

Chem-Cell Review Homework

Histology

Histology Homework

Histology Lab

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

Gross Anatomy at the University of Arkansas Medical School

University of Utah Medical School-The Scoop

University of Calfornia San Diego-Anatomy Reading List

Surviving Anatomy-MedReview

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Lecture & Discussion/CD-Biochemistry (Pre-Post Test)

Kimball- Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleotides.

2. Lecture & Discussion/CD- Inside Cells (Pre-Post Test)

Kimball-Eukaryotic Animal Cells

3. Lecture & Discussion/CD-Plasma Membrane & Transport (Pre-Post Test)

Kimball-Cell Membranes

4. Online Textbook

Tissues of the Human Body:An Introduction

5. Cell Lecture-Power Point

6. Histology Lectures-Power Point

7. Epithelium Power Point

8. Connective-Muscle Power Point

9. Cancer-The Details (Power Point)

10. Microanatomy from the University of Arkansas-A Course Syllabus

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

Kimball-Eukaryotic Animal Cells, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleotides.

1. MCAT Biology

2. Tissues of the Human Body:An Introduction

3. The World Wide Web Cell Site

4. University of Texas Cell Site

5. Online Onion Root Tips

6. Onion Root Tip Slide Photos

7. Histology Links on A & P Resources

8. Jay Doc HistoWeb

9. The Wadsworth Center-Hematology

10. Biopolymers

11. McGraw-Hill Basic Chemistry

12. McGraw-Hill Chemistry of Organic Molecules

13. McGraw-Hill Cell Structure and Function

14. McGraw-Hill Membrane Structure and Function

15. Web Anatomy

Homework

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. This portion of the A & P course focuses on the fundamentals of biochemistry and the structure and function of the cell. Either lecture and discussion, or a self-paced, self-teaching component using CDs, traditional text materials, and online presentations will be used to "review/relearn" the material. Use Kimball- Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleotides and Eukaryotic Animal Cells, and related links, as your primary source material for chemistry and cells. CDs with pretests and posttests can evaluate your progress. The posttest grades may be recorded as part of the course requirements. A minimum score of 80% is required on each tutorial. If the 80% is not achieved, then you must redo the tutorial until you reach the required level.

SQ4R- Kimball-Eukaryotic Animal Cells, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleotides.

Review-The CDs listed under Classroom Instruction (Pretest-Posttest)

Review-Go to The Biology Place and from the Choose a Topic menu choose The Chemistry of Life. Complete the Biocoach activities on the Properties of Biomolecules and Building Biomolecules.

Review-Go to The Biology Place and from the Choose a Topic menu choose Cell Structure and Function. Complete all 5 of the Biocoach activities on the Biomembranes I & II, Cell Structure and Function, Mitosis, & Meiosis.

The Biology Place-Do Lab Bench activities Mitosis & Meiosis and e-mail the Quiz answers for each activity to renkwitz@fastol.com

2. COPY and PASTE the Objectives for Examination # 2 onto a page in your word processing program. With the information from classroom lectures and the links to the internet, fill in the objective sheet. The Objective sheet will be your study guide for the second exam.

There will be a test administered that will cover the Objectives on Chemistry and The Cell.
 Use Interactive Concepts in Biochemistry to study the basic and advanced aspects of biochemistry.

The primary testing beyond this review will be in the area of Histology and will contain a lab practicum. It is essential, however that you master the biochemistry and the cell structure and function section. Use the resources wisely and complete the tasks as presented.

 

3. The best text for the study of the tissues is to be found at the McGraw-Hill site Tissues of the Human Body:An Introduction. Use the text and graphics here as you would any textbook to give you the background information you need to uderstand the fundamentals of tissues.

4. View The Histology of the Cell Power Point Presentationfrom Dr. Oliver Bogler at Virginia Commonwealth University.

5. Read the information on cancer from a few excellent sites. Some of the information is quite technical on cell function, but if you are to get an understanding of how the disease functions these details are essential. Examine the sites in order and critically analyze and assess their data.

BioHealth Links 

About Cancer

Intermediate Genetics

This link is an excellent selection of course topics on Intermediate Genetics offered at North Dakota State University. There is much here to investigate if you have an interest in genetics. At the very bottom of the Course Topics chart is The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and the Genetics of Cancer. This is a technical presentation and will require some concentration and perhaps further research at other links to pick up a basic understanding of some of its more complex ideas. The effort, however, will be worth it for you to understand the inticacies of this disease.

The program entitled Cancer Warrior has been placed online at the NOVA website. It features streaming video of the program, excellent animations and links relating to cancer. It doesn't get any better than this for education and you can see here the true power of technology to teach as the internet matures. Check it out!

Cancer Warrior

Note on the same page the Flash program How Cancer Grows. This is an excellent synopsis of the development of cancer explaining the mutations that must occur for a cell to be classified as malignant.

How Cancer Grows

6. An Interview with Paul Nurse: Paul Nurse is one of Britain's most distinguished scientists today. His groundbreaking work on the cell cycle in the 1970s and '80s revealed how cells make the decisions to grow and divide, thus laying the foundation for a molecular understanding of cancer. This has earned him numerous honors, including the Lasker Basic Medical Research Award in 1998, and many regard him a prime candidate for the Nobel Prize. Since 1996 Sir Paul, who was knighted last year, has also been director-general of the largest cancer research organization in the U.K., the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF).

Lab

Objectives

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Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

Epithelium

1. Microscopic Examination of Histology Slides

2. Online Textbook

Use the online text to get the basic background information on the tissues as well as representative tissue slides to go with the verbal descriptions.

Tissues of the Human Body:An Introduction

3. Loyola University's Medical Education Network

Go to the Loyola site and examine the Epithelium and Simple Glands slides. There will be a portion of your Lab Practicum that will use a random selection of these slides for you to identify. You must be able to name the type of epithelial cells in the target tissue, the organ it is found in, and the function of the tissue. I will choose anywhere from 6 to 12 of the following slides for you to identify. Here is the number list for the slides that you will examine and from which I will make my selection for the practicum. Copy and Paste the pictures into a file, or a Power Point Presentation, and use it as a study document to test yourself and your study partners.

Slides number 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24 & 27

Don't forget to take the Practical Examinations on the Loyola site after you think you have a grasp of the tissues.

4. U. of Connecticut's Path Web

Go to this site to examine normal epithelial tissue and pathogical conditions of the same tissue. This is an opportunity to see varoius medical conditions from the perspective of pathologists who make the medical diagnoses of various states of disease.

Connective Tissue and Muscle

Power Point Notes on Connective and Muscle Tissue

1. Microscopic Examination of Histology Slides

2. Online Textbook

Use the online text to get the basic background information on the tissues as well as representative tissue slides to go with the verbal descriptions.

Tissues of the Human Body:An Introduction

3. Loyola University's Medical Education Network

Use the Loyola site for backup reference. Examine the Connective and Muscle Tissue slides.

4. Power Point Slides of Connective and Muscle Tissue

In your student presentation folder on the desk top you will find the presentation Connective-Muscle Lab Key. This presentation contains the pool of specific slides with descriptions that will be used on the next lab practicum. You should be able to identify and classify twelve to fifteen of these slides, chosen at random, on the next lab exam. These slides have come from the JayDoc site at the University of Kansas (Muscle-Connective-Cartilage-Bone-Blood) and can be viewed there at any time.

5. The study of blood, Hematology, has always fascinated students. You are to learn to do a DIFFERENTIAL WHITE CELL COUNT. To aid you in your task you will need good pictures of the leukocytes to help you identify the cells on your slides. Go to The Wadsworth Center-Hematology and CLICK on Blood Cells under the "Through the Microscope" heading. There you will find excellent examples of the leukocytes.

6. Here's a neat site that lets you identify the blood cells in a smear.

http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/MBChB/bloodmap/Blood.html

7. This PBS site has the history of blood and much more.

Redgold

The Skeleton and Bone Development

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

 Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification Notes for Essay Exam

The Histology of Endochondral Ossification from LUMEN

Osteogenesis and Bone Development from Cornell

2. Power Point Graphics Presentation

3. Web Links and Graphics

4. Bone Lab-Use links for reference

5. Anatomy Glossary

6. Web Anatomy

7. The Virtual Anatomy Lab

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Lectures on Bone Development

2. Oral Bone List

3. The Bone Box

4. Endochondral Ossification

5. Fetal Cartilage and Bone Development-

6. Bone & Skeleton Links on A & P Resources

7. Human Anatomy and Physiology Weblinks

8. Gray's Anatomy

9. Yahoo's Anatomy Links

10. Atlas Plus

11. Cornell University Medical School Pathology Page

12. Anatomy Glossary

13. The Virtual Anatomy Lab

Homework

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

Oral Bone List

1. Use links to get background information on bone development to support and enrich the classroom notes and lectures.

2. Remember that the test on this section is an essay. Because you know precisely what you are to write on, it only makes sense that you would compose an essay before you take the examination. This composition should develop over a period of days as each lecture is given and links are visited. Don't try to construct the essay extemporaneously there is too much here.

3. The Lab portion of this section involves learning the bones of the skeleton for an Oral Examination. There are websites that have all of the bones of the skeleton displayed and described along with exams and quizzes to test your knowledge. Take advantage of this to support your in class study of the skeleton.

Lab

Objectives

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Oral Bone List
1. You will be working in groups using the Oral List of Bones. The examination will involve you orally describing and locating the bones of the skeleton three ways (see BONE LIST)

2. The McGraw Hill Essential Study Partner has a great section on the skeleton with color graphics.

The Neuromuscular Junction

Contraction and Dissection

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links  

The Harvey Project

1. Lecture and Notes on the

a. Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Contraction

b. Physiology of the Muscle Function

2. Web Links and Graphics

a. e-Muscles-listing type of muscles and functions

b. Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle

c. The Biochemistry of Muscle Contraction

d. Muscle Anatomy and Physiology

This site will let you test your knowledge of muscle anatomy and physiology.

e. Harvey Project Muscle Animations

Here are basic animations of muscle structure and function; the muscle proper down to sarcomere.

Muscular System Tutorials and Animations

Neurons and Synapse Action Animations and Tutorials

Membrane Potentials Animations and Tutorials

f. Neuronal Membrane Dynamics Animation

(1). Brain Neuron Function Animation

(2). Normal Dopamine Function at a Synapse

(3). 3D Neuron Rotation

g. The Sodium-Potassium Pump

h. Ligand Gated Ion Channel Animation

i. Ligand Gated Ion Channel

j. Voltage Gated Ion Channels

k. Anatomy and Physiology Resource Page

3. Dissections-Frog and Rat (Comparative Anatomy)

4. Kimball's Muscle Page

5. Kimball's Neuron Structure Page

6. Kimball's Neuron Function Page

7. Kimball's Synapse and Neurotransmitter Page

8. Neurobiology

9. Muscle Injury

 

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Human Anatomy and Physiology Weblinks

2. Gray's Anatomy

3. Yahoo's Anatomy Links

4. Atlas Plus

5. The Master Muscle List

6. Musculoskeletal Anatomy

7. Anatomy and Physiology Resource Page

8. The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

9.  Human Based Modeling of the Human Musculature

10. Kimball's Muscle Page

11. Kimball's Neuron Structure Page

12. Kimball's Neuron Function Page

13. Kimball's Synapse and Neurotransmitter Page

14. Neurobiology

15. Anatomy Glossary

16. The Harvey Project

Homework

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

The Harvey Project

1. Search the Origins and Insertions of the muscles on your Human Muscle Examination Study Page from the The Master Muscle List site.

2. Search the excellent illustrations on the location of the muscles on your Human Superficial Muscles Examination Study Page from the Musculoskeletal Anatomy site. These illustrations can be copied and pasted and so can the Origins, Insertions and Actions from The Master Muscle List . You can make an excellent study guide for yourself using Power Point and a removable white box to cover the names of the muscles. You can type the Origins , Insertions and actions on the same page and use a removable white box to cover them. This study aid would be invaluable for you to learn the muscles and their ancillary information. Or, if Power Point is not your thing, then COPY and PASTE the Human Superficials List onto a page in your word processor and fill in the origin, insertion and action. Your choice.

You will be tested on this list. I will point to each of these muscles on a chart displaying the muscles of a human and you are to write the NAME, ORIGIN, INSERTION and ONE ACTION. Spelling counts as usual!
3. Go to the Anatomy and Physiology Resource Page and scroll down to the Muscle and Nerve section. Click on The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction and read about the sequence of events in the process of causing a muscle to contract. When you reach the bottom of the page use the three links there to examine the process with graphics and a different perspective.

4. This textbook on Neurobiology contains some great animations to help you understand the gating or the neuron and sarcolemma.

5. Finally, if you're looking for an in-depth molecular explanation for the interaction of the components of skeletal muscle this is the site for you. From the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany comes Muscle Contraction .

6. Here's Kimball's Muscle Page.

7. Kimball's Neuron Structure Page

8. Kimball's Neuron Function Page

9. Kimball's Synapse and Neurotransmitter Page

Muscular System Tutorials and Animations

Neurons and Synapse Action Animations and Tutorials

Membrane Potentials Animations and Tutorials

Lab

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

Dissections of Frog (Rana pipiens) and Rat

The Interactive Frog Dissection

Frog Dissection-Digital Images

Vertebrate-Form and Function Page-Excellent Frog Dissection

Rat Muscles Dissection

Rat Internal Anatomy Dissection

General Dissection Page

The Heart-Structure and Function

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. ADAM CDs-Cardiovascular System

2. Laser Disk

3. IIe-Electrocardiograms

4. Cyber Heart-Cardiotutorial  

5. Cyberanatomy of the Heart

6. Nova-Heart Surgery History

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Introduction to Cardiac Anatomy

2. PBS NOVA-Cut to the Heart

3. Cardiovascular Physiology

4. Electrocardiograms Tutorial

5. Electrocardiograms-Case Histories

6. ECG Rounds

7. Images-Cardiovascular System

Homework

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Go the Biology Place and from the Choose a Topic menu Click on Human Anatomy and Physiology. There are two tutorials on the Cardiovascular System listed under BioCoach. Do both of them they are great!

2. Use Kimball's pages on the Heart for a detailed discussion of the Cardiovascular System. Examine the heartbeat and electrocardiograms.

3. From the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia comes The Heart: An Online Exploration

4. The Howard Hughes Research Institute operates the Bio Interactive site that contains incredible simulations. One of them is Cardiology Lab. Try it, it is fascinating!

Lab

Objectives

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Dissection

 Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

Objectives

1. A sheep heart dissection will describe the structures in the heart through the use of a script describing the blood flow. A cow heart will be used for demonstration.

2. A sheep heart dissection

 3. Graphics of preserved heart dissection

4. Cyber Heart-Cardiotutorial

5. Cyberanatomy of the Heart


The Kidney-Structure and Function

STUDY HABITS

Objectives

Return to Index

Classroom Instruction

Reference

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Lecture-Discussion on the kidney

2. Video on kidney structure and function

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Kimball's Pages-The Kidney

Homework

Objectives

Return to Index

Movies, Animations and Interactive Tutorial Links

1. Using Kimball's Textbook read about the kidney. Follow the links on the pages and use the menu in the upper right hand corner .


Final Examination